Oil & Gas

A refinery is a factory. A refinery takes a raw material (crude oil) and transforms it into petrol and hundreds of other useful products. A typical large refinery costs billions of pounds to build and millions more to run and upgrade. It runs around the clock 365 days a year, employs hundreds of people .

A refinery breaks crude oil down into its various components, which then are selectively changed into new products. This process takes place inside a maze of pipes and vessels. The refinery is operated from a highly automated control room.

All refineries perform three basic steps:

Separation (fractional distillation)

Conversion (cracking and rearranging the molecules)

Treatment

/fractional distillation


Separation: fractional distillation

Modern separation involves piping crude oil through hot furnaces. The resulting liquids and vapours are passed into distillation towers:-

fraction B Pt oC Number of carbons Uses

/fractional distillation

It is important to realise that the column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top.

The crude oil separates into fractions according to weight and boiling point.

The lightest fractions, including petrol and liquid petroleum gas (LPG), vapourise and rise to the top of the tower.

Kerosine (aviation fuel) and diesel oil, stay in the middle of the tower

Heavier liquids separate lower down.

The heaviest fractions with the highest boiling points settle at the very bottom.

TRENDS AS WE UP AND DOWN THE COLUMN

The following table shows how the behaviour of the hydrocarbon molecules alter:

AT THE TOP OF THE COLUMN

 

AT THE BOTTOM OF THE COLUMN

     

Short carbon chains

 

Long carbon chains

Light molecules

 

Heavy molecules

Low boiling points

 

High boiling points

Gases & very runny liquids

 

Thick, viscous liquids

Very volatile

 

Low volatility

Highly flammable

 

Not very flammable

Light colour

 

Dark colour

     

Petrol comes off near the top of the column. Does the list above describe petrol?

 

Fuel oil comes off near the bottom of the column. Does the list above describe fuel oil?

The fractions are now ready for piping to the next areas within the refinery. Some fractions require very little additional processing. However, most molecules require much more processing to become high-value products.

oil/cracking

 

 

Conversion: cracking and rearranging molecules

Some fractions from the distillation towers need to be transformed into new components . This is where a refinery makes money, because the low-value fractions that aren't in great demand can be converted to petrol and other useful chemicals.

 

The most widely used conversion method is called cracking because it uses heat and pressure to "crack"heavy hydrocarbon molecules into lighter ones. A cracking unit consists of one or more tall, thick-walled, reactors and a network of furnaces, heat exchangers and other vessels. Catalytic cracking, or "cat cracking," is the basic petrol-making process. Using intense heat (about 600°C), low pressure and a powdered catalyst (a substance that speeds up a  chemical reaction), the cat cracker can convert most of the heavy fractions into smaller more useful molecules.

Some refineries also have cokers, which use heat and moderate pressure to turn the really heavy fractions into lighter products and a hard, coal like substance that is used as an industrial fuel.

Cracking and coking are not the only forms of conversion.

The most widely used conversion method is called cracking because it uses heat and pressure to "crack" heavy hydrocarbon molecules into lighter ones. A cracking unit consists of one or more tall, thick-walled, reactors and a network of furnaces, heat exchangers and other vessels. Catalytic cracking, or "cat cracking," is the basic petrol-making process. Using intense heat (about 600°C), low pressure and a powdered catalyst (a substance that speeds up a  chemical reaction), the cat cracker can convert most of the heavy fractions into smaller more useful molecules.

Some refineries also have cokers, which use heat and moderate pressure to turn the really heavy fractions into lighter products and a hard, coal like substance that is used as an industrial fuel.

Cracking and coking are not the only forms of conversion. Other refinery processes, instead of splitting molecules, rearrange them to add value. Alkylation makes petrol components by combining some of the gaseous byproducts of cracking. The process, which essentially is cracking in reverse, takes place in a series of large, horizontal vessels.

 

Reforming uses heat, moderate pressure and catalysts to turn naphtha into high-octane petrol.

Treatment: the finishing touch

Today, a major portion of refining involves blending, purifying, fine-tuning and improving products to meet specific requirements. To make  petrol, refinery workers carefully blend together a variety of hydrocarbons. Technicians also add performance additives and dyes that distinguish the various grades of fuel. By the time the petrol is pumped into a car it contains more than 200 hydrocarbons and additives.

Example: Petrol companies produce different blends of fuels to suit the weather. In winter, they put in more volatile hydrocarbons (with short carbon chains) and in summer they add less volatile hydrocarbons to compensate for the higher temperatures.

CAIL, With experienced staff in onshore oil and gas development, oil and gas processing terminals, and underground gas storage. Services are provided for these industries from conceptual design and optimization, through complete turnkey EPC solutions .Services provided. CAIL delivers high quality, commercially viable solutions for oil and gas developments, focusing on generating maximum value for our clients. Our specialist teams offer a comprehensive scope of services, encompassing initial concept studies through full engineering and construction contracts. Our key project and engineering staff include personnel experienced in plant operations, helping to ensure that we provide innovative and operable solutions to challenging projects.

Our services include:

Front end treating studies to assess project feasibility, schedules, capital expenditures, and operating and maintenance costs

Design engineering applying proven solutions for specific operating conditions and requirements

analyses using expertise developed form a broad base of experience

Detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, modularization and construction

Start-up.

CENENT

Technical knowledge, and ability to provide all engineering services from phase zero to launch cement factory.

We execute our projects with a true EPC approach, performing every aspect of the project ourselves and doing the work for a fixed price.

Preliminary survey and demarcation of mining and mineral according to the chemical quality of raw materials - Plant location - review the technical and economic feasibility studies of the project - procurement, installation and commissioning of equipment and machinery for the projec. As well as Financial Resources supply of project.

At cail, we are focused on delivering innovative LNG solutions and superior project results. Our true EPC business model, combined with our industry expertise.

 

STEEL ,Iron and Metals

Our engineers, with benefiting from the world knowledge, and using today’s communication technology,In iron and steel and metal industry services, including:auto-feeding system burning system, pyrolysis system, heavy and light oil separate system, cooling system, exhaust gas recycling system, dedusting system, auto slag discharging system ,and also  to offer scrap shredder operators a set of resources that is unmatched by other suppliers of ferrous metal scrap and auto shredding equipment to make the right shredder facility to meet your needs and match your budget.

Think about Recycling

Saving of raw materials and energy by not having to first extract the iron from the ore.    Avoiding the pollution problems in the extraction of iron from the ore.    Not having to find space to dump the unwanted iron if it wasn't recycled.

 Oil & Gas

 Cail With experienced staff in onshore oil and gas development, oil and gas processing terminals, and underground gas storage. Services are provided for these industries from conceptual design and optimization, through complete turnkey EPC solutions.Services provided. cail delivers high quality, commercially viable solutions for  oil and gas developments, focusing on generating maximum value for our clients. Our specialist teams offer a comprehensive scope of services, encompassing initial concept studies through full engineering and construction contracts. Our key project and engineering staff include personnel experienced in plant operations, helping to ensure that we provide innovative and operable solutions to challenging projects.Our services include:

 Front end treating studies to assess project feasibility, schedules, capital expenditures, and operating and maintenance costs

 

 

PETROCHEMICAL and FERTILIZER

PETROCHEMICAL

petrochemical are products produced from hydrocarbon-based raw materials such as oil or gas into products for a wide range of applications.There are numerous types of petrochemicals and petrochemical end products. Some have consumer uses and others are mainly for industrial use. The primary petrochemical industry produces substances such as methanol, ethylene, toluene, and propylene directly from feed stocks. Intermediate and derivative .

FERTILIZER

We offer turnkey solutions for types of fertilizer projects by offering the complete line of fertilizer plants. We supply fertilizer plants to manufacture fertilizer in both the powder form and granulated form. The range includes :Urea fertilizer production

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POWER PLANTS

CAIL  has Ready to  provider of engineering, procurement and construction services to the power industry . Our expertise encompasses both traditional and emerging technologies, including fossil fuel electric generation,  hydroelectric and wind power.Our technologies and services for power industry customers include: Absorber vessels, stacks and chimney liners for fossil fuel plants  Penstocks, scroll cases and bifurcations for hydroelectric plants, Wind turbines

 Strata-Therm® thermal energy storage for Different -scale cooling systems

We Interest from few companies that can self-perform all aspects of the work from concept through commissioning. Thus, we focus on results, not billable hours. This integrated approach is possible because we Using of people around the world who are specialists in design, testing, fabrication, welding, construction and project management.

Paper and carton

Our company undertakes design, and order of manufacturing, supply, erection and commissioning of paper machines and modernization of existing pulp mill and paper machines on a turnkey basic. We have the necessary capabilities in project engineering, project management.

And also we are supplier of variety of Produce carton machines, from paper roll to sheet 3 to 5 layers and then converted to carton. form filling machine, vertical form fill machine, packaging machine, carton machine, sealing machines, packaging machines, form filling machines and many more.     

CAIL are a team professional and experienced in all kinds of paper machine ,craft paper machine, printing paper machine, coated paper machine. What's more, we also design machines as per customer's own requirements. 

 

PLASTICE

Our specialty is Design and Supply, of PP, PS, PVC, PC sheet extrusion lines,- Injection and Blower moldings machinery and PP, PC PET hollow profile sheet extrusion lines. Manufacturing customized products for our clients is one of our main goals. Leader has earned a marvelous reputation for its advanced technology and reliable quality. We offer the best possible extrusion solution without any compromise to quality, service, or delivery.among our customers, employees, and the company! CAIL is your best friend and business partner forever.Our company motto is "steady, service, and reliability". We are dedicated to technological research and development, total customer satisfaction and providing superior quality, high production, and profitable plastic extrusion machines. The result is a win-win-win situation shared by our customers, employees, and the company! More than just a business partner, with CAIL you’ve got friends!

 

Building Materials

Owing to our rich Construction Industry experience, we offer complete customer satisfaction to our clients. The products offered by us are in accordance with the industrial quality standards. We conduct various quality tests on required parameters and offer them in a stipulated time frame. The machines are manufactured under the supervision of our well-versed professionals.

cail co supplies, building materials and machinery production lines. from the best manufacturers in the world. And the installation immediately, whenever you want.

 

 

 

 

Sanitary and Pharmaceutical packing

We are a professional total-solution supplier of pharmaceutical machines and turn-key GMP projects. We combine European technology with China's manufacturing advantage, providing high-end equipment and projects with European standards from our modern China facility to worldwide customers.

We are committed is to providing: 1. quality pharmaceutical machines; 2. total solutions of technology; 3. professional services.

Our scope is devoted total solution for pharmaceutical projects:

- Full scopes of machines:

Production lines and machinery for types of tissues (Aromatic wet and dry). types sanitary pads and baby Diaper.

 

Food line and packaging

CAIL CO, designs and order of manufacturing, food product lines .Includes:

Juice, Yogurt, Cottage Cheese, Sour Cream, Ice Cream, Ricotta, Cream Cheese, Dip, Milk, Salsa, Jello, Apple Sauce, Cranberry Sauce, Ketchup, Meat Sauce, Grated Cheese. Custom applications are also available!

And packaging systems for the food, dairy, cosmetic . All units are 24 hour production machines that are servo or cam driven, have stainless steel construction and can be either aseptic or positive clean air pressure filling systems.  we build a variety of systems in either straight line or rotary with custom features that best fit your requirements. In addition, all systems are easy to operate, maintain and fulfill all standards.

 

 

Cail company- Cement- steel- Oil- Sand-  Paper

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